Croup

Croup is a common childhood illness that causes a bark like cough. It can also cause difficulty breathing which can be frightening for both you and your child.

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Croup :: North East and North Cumbria Healthier Together (nenc-healthiertogether.nhs.uk)

Croup page

Croup is a common childhood illness that can cause a bark-like cough. It can also cause difficulty breathing which can be frightening for both you and your child. 

Croup is caused by a virus which affects the airways including the voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea) and lungs (the bronchi) causing them to swell and become narrower. Some children have croup two or more times in their childhood.

If your child has any of the following:

  • Breathing very fast or breathing that stops or pauses
  • Working hard to breathe, drawing in of the muscles below the rib or unable to talk
  • A harsh noise as they breathe in (stridor) present all of the time (even when they are not upset)
  • Drooling more than normal and struggling to swallow their own spit
  • Becomes pale, blue, mottled and/or unusually cold to touch
  • Difficult to wake up, very sleepy or confused
  • Weak, high-pitched, continuous cry or extremely agitated
  • Has a fit (seizure)
  • Is under 3 months old with temperature more than 38°C or under 36°C (unless fever in the 48 hours following vaccinations and no other red or amber features) 
  • Has a rash that does not go away with pressure(see the 'Glass Test')

You need urgent help.

Go to the nearest Hospital Emergency (A&E) Department or phone 999

If your child has any of the following:

  • Breathing a bit faster than normal or working a bit harder to breathe
  • A harsh noise as they breathe in (stridor) only when upset
  • Dry skin, lips or tongue
  • Not had a wee or wet nappy in last 8 hours
  • Poor feeding babies (less than half their usual amount)
  • Irritable (unable to settle them with toys, TV, food or hugs even after their fever has come down)
  • Is 3-6 months old with temperature 39 o C or above (unless fever in the 48 hours following vaccinations and no other red or amber features)
  • Temperature of 38oC or above for more than 5 days or shivering with fever (rigors)
  • Temperature less than 36°C in those over 3 months
  • Getting worse or you are worried about them

You need to contact a doctor or nurse today.

Please ring your GP surgery or call NHS 111 - dial 111

If symptoms persist for 4 hours or more and you have not been able to speak to
either a member of staff from your GP practice or to NHS 111 staff, recheck that your child has not developed any red features

If your child has none of the above

Self care

Continue providing your child’s care at home. If you are still concerned about your child, call NHS 111 – dial 111

This guidance has been reviewed and adapted by healthcare professionals across North East and North Cumbria with consent from the Hampshire development groups.  

This guidance is written by healthcare professionals from across Hampshire, Dorset and the Isle of Wight.

  • A cough. The cough is usually harsh and barking. This ‘croupy cough’ is due to inflammation and swelling of the vocal cords in the voice box (larynx). 

  • Noisy breathing. The infection can narrow the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea) and cause an extra noise called a stridor. This noise is normally heard on breathing in.

  • Breathing may become difficult if the narrowing becomes worse.

  • Your child may also have a runny nose, hoarse voice, sore throat, high temperature (fever), general aches and pains and be off their food. Croup may follow a cold but can also appear without any earlier illness. 

  • The symptoms of croup appear worse at night. A mild but irritating cough may persist for a further week or so.

  • Stay calm. This will help keep your child calm. Children with croup may become upset. Crying may make their symptoms worse.
  • Sit your child upright on your lap if their breathing is noisy or difficult. Let them find the most comfortable position. 
  • Encourage your child to drink cool drinks regularly (little and often) to help soothe their throat and keep them hydrated.
  • If your child seems to be in pain or discomfort, you can give your child paracetamol or ibuprofen , following the instructions on the container.
  • If their temperature is high, dress them in cool, loose clothes (if any) and don’t use anything warmer than a sheet to cover them in bed.
  • Stay with your child or check him or her regularly. You need to know if the symptoms are getting worse. 
  • Some people find that taking their child outside in the cool, fresh air helps to relieve their symptoms 
  • There is no evidence that steam inhalation helps. There is a risk of scalds if steam is used.
  • Do not give cough syrup. It is not recommended for children under 6 years. It can make children sleepy and does not help croup.

How is croup treated?

  • Your child may be given a steroid medicine called dexamethasone or prednisolone which can reduce airway swelling
  • As croup is caused by a viral illness antibiotics are not needed.